Welcome, EarthBorn growers! Today we’re diving into the fragrant, fruitful world of Citrus aurantium, better known as Bitter Orange. Indigenous to tropical Asia, this evergreen citrus tree is now found across South Africa and globally, prized for its medicinal value, culinary use, and ornamental charm.

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💊 Medicinal Benefits
Bitter Orange has been used for centuries in Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ayurveda, and even in early European remedies. Its active compounds — Synephrine, Hesperidin, and Naringin — are known to:

• Support digestion
• Reduce anxiety
• Boost metabolism and energy
• Help suppress appetite (used in some weight loss formulas)

⚠️ Caution: Bitter Orange may raise heart rate and blood pressure. Always consult a medical professional before using it medicinally, especially if you’re on medication.

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📅 When to Plant in South Africa
Plant Bitter Orange seeds in spring (September to November). Germination takes 7–14 days, and seedlings are ready for transplanting after 2–3 months. Expect your first fruits within 6–9 months under optimal conditions, though trees generally bear heavily from the second year onward.

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🏡 Where to Plant
Choose a sunny, open spot in your garden with good airflow. Bitter Orange thrives when planted directly in the ground but can also be grown in large containers for patios or small spaces.

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🌱 Soil, Water & Sunlight Requirements

• Soil: Well-draining, fertile soil rich in organic matter
• Water: Deep watering once or twice weekly; allow soil to dry slightly between waterings
• Sunlight: Needs full sun (6–8 hours daily) to grow and fruit well

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📏 Spacing & Growth Habits

• Spacing: 2–3 meters (6–10 feet) between trees
• Height: Grows up to 4–6 meters (13–20 feet) tall
• Flowers: White, fragrant blossoms appear in spring
• Fruits: Round, orange fruits with a thick rind and bitter taste, used for marmalades, liqueurs (like triple sec), and essential oils

✂️ Prune lightly after harvesting to maintain shape and airflow.

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🌼 Companion Plants & Common Pests
Companion Plants:

• Lavender – repels aphids
• Marigold – deters nematodes and beetles
• Chamomile – attracts beneficial insects

Common Pests:

• Citrus Leafminer
• Aphids
• Scale insects
• Citrus psylla

Use neem oil sprays and companion planting for natural pest management.

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🎉 Fun Fact
Bitter Orange was introduced to Europe by Arab traders in the 10th century and was later cultivated in Seville, Spain, where it became famous for marmalade. Its peel is also a key ingredient in Earl Grey tea and some perfumes.

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📣 Summary & Call to Action
From its beautiful blossoms to its bitter but beneficial fruits, Bitter Orange is a rewarding tree for any herbal garden. With the right care, it brings beauty, medicine, and citrus delight to your space.

So why wait? Grab your seeds, plant with intention, and let the EarthBorn magic grow! 🌿🍊